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Testování použití stromové injektáže jako způsobu ochrany individuálních dřevin jasanu ztepilého Fraxinus excelsior L. proti infekci houbovým patogenem Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Rozsypálková, Lucie
In recent years, very good results can be observed in the protection of trees against fungal diseases and insect pests using tree injection technology, so this work aims to test four active substances - tebuconazole, copper hydroxide, sodium selenite and selenium nanotechnology. These were applied by micro-injection to 60 ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) of the same age and growing in the same climatic conditions. These tree species were inoculated with two srains of Chalara fraxinea prior to injection, and it was verified at the end of the experiment that their pathogenicity was similar. Subsequently, the growth of underbark necrosis was monitored for nine months. Subsequently, analyses of the lengths and areas of the individual root necroses of each variant allowed to confirm the hypotheses. That is, that the most successful in suppressing the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus would be the product containing selenium nanoparticles and, on the contrary, the least successful would be Champion 50 WP with the active ingredient copper hydroxide.
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Micropropagation of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
Šedivá, Jana ; Havrdová, Ludmila ; Maršík, Petr
The aim of the methodology is to provide an optimized process of micropropagation of common ash, which can support the production of its elite genotypes with a higher degree of tolerance to the invasive fungal pathogen Hymenoscypus fraxineus causing our domestic species of ash (Fraxinus excelsior and F. angustifolia) so called necrosis of ashes (known in Europe as " ash dieback "). The methodology includes two integrated in vitro propagation techniques, which are based either on juvenile plant material (from seeds) or on adult trees using apical buds.
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Monitoring rozšíření nekrózy jasanů (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) v lesních porostech Moravy a východních Čech
Prouza, Michal
Diploma thesis deals with ash dieback, caused by fungus pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. This is a summary of the available knowledge in literature concerning the problematic of the disease. Research activities were focused on monitoring of this patogen spread in the area of Moravia and eastern Bohemia, with emphasis on forest-typological diversity of habitats and the percentage of ash in the stands. 434 stands of ash were evaluated and the rate of health condition damage of trees with H. fraxineus presence depending on various factors was investigated. Dependence of damage of health status was not determinated as a function of LVS of Plíva (1987) (forest vegetation altitude stage), edaphic category or ecological range of Plíva (1987) as well as age stage of ash, stocking, other tree species composition, location and year of evaluation. Vice versa factors of damage on nature of ashes sites (SLT according Plíva 1987), mixing type and forest regeneration type were significant.
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Monitoring rozšíření nekrózy jasanů (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) v lesních porostech severní Moravy
Fuchs, Ladislav
This bachelor thesis deals with fungual pathogen H. fraxineus. This pathogen is spread troughout all Europe and attacks the ashes. There is no place in the Czech Republic where the ash will not be attacked. The work should help solve the problem called Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. The aim is investigate all the factors infuencing the intensity od infection in stands. In thesis has been found that most of abiotic growth factors have no effect on ash cultivation. The effect od the health of ash is positiveli reflected when the ash grown on natural habitats i fit has been naturally picked in the stand and is the as his mixed randomly
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Testování účinnosti vybraných chemických sloučenin a povolených přípravků proti patogenním houbovým organizmům dřevin v podmínkách in vitro
Jobánková, Terezie
The bachelor thesis deals with the testing of two fungicidal substances (mancozeb and cupric hydroxide) and two chemical compounds (a compound containing selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite pentahydrate) in activity against fungal pathogens of trees in vitro. The pathogens tested were Heterobasidion root rot (Heterobasidium annosum), Phytophthora cambivora, dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, and Ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus). The solutions were diluted according to application recommendations and added to agar media in a concentration range of 0,5-10%. Heterobasidium annosum stopped most in growth of mankozeb already from 0,5%. Phytophthora cambivora is also most effective at mancozeb, from 1% concentration. Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is the most effective chemical compound containing selenium nanoparticles at concentrations of 8 and 10%. For Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the most effective substance was mancozeb from a concentration of 4%.
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Druhová diverzita pavouků (Araneae) v chřadnoucích jasanových porostech v komplexu hospodářského nížinného lesa
Hečko, Daniel
The main goal of this work is to evaluate the influence of decay and death of ash trees in forest stands around lowland woodlands on the epigeic spiders. Specifically, the stands were divided into low infection, moderate infection and strong infection at the stage of decay according to the degree of attack by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. The collection of spiders was carried out using pitfall traps between April 2017 and October 2017 in the floodplain area around Pouzdřany, Pasohlávky, Ivanovice and Vranovice in the Břeclav and Brno-venkov districts. A total of 120 species of spiders and 21 families were identified, with 5,809 individuals. The most numerous species is Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802). The highest species diversity and individual conservation indicators (degree of rareness, conservation value, number of rare and endangered spider species) were among the three highest levels of infestation and health status of the stands, which were the highest in moderate infection stands where the pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus of vegetation and overall higher heterogeneity and structure of these stands. The results show that this had a significant positive effect on the species diversity and abundance of spiders. On the contrary, stands, which are heavily attacked and begin to grow very strongly through vegetation, have proven to be very negative for species diversity and for conservation indicators of spiders. The results show that the heterogeneity of the stands is very important for preserving the higher spider diversity. It is possible that these results are also applicable to scattered tree vegetation outside forest stands, where the trends in the diversity of the organisms under investigation in differently infested ash stands or occurring on individual ash trees can be very similar. keywords: spiders, biodiversity, lowland forests, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, arachnofauna, ash, southern Moravia
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Analýza vnitrodruhové proměnlivosti jasanu ve vztahu k jeho chřadnutí
Bohdálek, Michal
Population of common (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) in Europe are currently haunted by the pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz & Hosoya, originating in the Far East. The objective of present study is to analyze whether and how the provenance of reproductive material influences the tolerance of the both ash species against this invasive pathogen. Our study was carried out in the research plot Zámeček near Kroměříž with 16 provenances of common ash from all of the Czech Republic and 2 provenances of narrow-leaved ash from the Morava valley at the age of 22 years. The experiment was established by the Forestry and Game Research Institute in Jíloviště-Strnady. In the field, we measured height and diameter, and assessed the stem quality, bud burst and intensity of infection by H. fraxineus (using a certified methodology) of individual trees and provenances. Then, we analyzed mutual relationships of the growth, morphology, phenology and intensity of infection. It resulted in interesting findings: we found provenances of common ash originating from more northerly localities (higher latitude) less intensively infected by H. fraxineus and flushing later than others. Less infected individuals were higher and had better stem quality at the same time. It is interesting that provenances from warmer sites revealed bigger breast-height diameter.
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Hodnocení patogenity Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in vitro na různých živných médiích
Bačová, Aneta
This thesis deals with the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causing the serious dieback of ash trees throughout Europe. In the first part, a summary of the state-of-art literature is presented. The main research is based on an in vitro examination of 15 strains of H. fraxineus, with the aim of finding the best medium for its growth. The five different nutrient media (MEA, AMEA, MOS, PDA, ADA) were chosen to cultivate the pathogen and examine its growth rate during six weeks. The medium ADA, composed of agar with of ash dust was designed and firstly used for this pathogen in our study. In addition, the relationship between the growth rate and the colour of mycelia was examined in three groups of strains (dark mycelium strains, light mycelium strains and strains with viruses). The fastest growth was found on the newly created ADA medium, which was obtained from ash twigs sawdust added to the classical agar medium. Dependence of the growth rate on mycelium colour has not been confirmed. This research contributes to the improvement of laboratory techniques designed to study H. fraxineus.
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Sensitivity of Czech provenances of European common ash and narrow-leaved ash to invasive pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Kraus, Marek ; Pešková, Vítězslava (advisor) ; Čížková, Dana (referee)
This thesis deals with a survey of provenance areas and assessment of attacking Fraxinus excelsior L. and Fraxinus angustifolia by the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.
The aim of the thesis is to map the incidence of infected trees in these areas and to evaluate the sensitivity of the sites to the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.
The theoretical part deals with processing of data collected during field work on selected provenance areas Koneprusy and Veltruby. Amongst the evaluated parameters there were: trunk diameter at measuring height, tree height, and especially canopy drying caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. As the outcome of the survey photographs were taken and records were collected for individual trees in the provenance areas. Each of the trees has its own unique label that has accurately defined its location to prevent potential errors in data processing. The processed data was then evaluated in NCSS 8.0 software and cluster analysis was performed in order to compare the provenances. This analysis only compares the provenances, which are located in both provenance areas. The results show that no provenance without the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus attack appeared in the provenances Koneprusy and Veltruby. Subjects in 4 ŠLP Kostelec nad Černými Lesy - Svojšice and 24 LS Czech Krumlov Chvalšiny proved to be more resistant than others. Although the increase in the tree height and the trunk thickness is the largest on those areas the defoliation rate is high. It is probable that the population of these provenances will gradually die. Due to growing abbility of some individuals located in other provenances it is obvious that habitat conditions and individual resilience are key factors.
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Monitoring a ověření metodiky hodnocení nekrózy jasanů způsobené patogenem Chalara fraxinea na vybraných územích
Prouza, Michal
Bachelor thesis deals with ash dieback, caused by fungus pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. This is a summary of the available knowledge in literature concerning the problematic of the disease. Research activities were focused on editing and verification of methodology to assess the extent of damage of ash trees health status. Creation of application part of the methodology, in terms of forest management measures, which should contribute to a more efficient cultivation of ash. Trees were the aim at this thesis too. 100 stands of ash and 17 alleys were evaluated and the rate of damage of health condition of trees with regard to ash dieback Chalara fraxinea depending on various factors was investigated. Dependence of damage of health status was determinated as a function of age class of stands, of LVS Plíva and on representation of ash trees in the stand. On the contrary correlation of damage of ash species was not significant.
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